Two new species of the genus Scorpio L., 1758 from Southеastеrn Turkey (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)

Ersen Aydın Yağmur*1, Fenik Sherzad Hussen2, Serdar Karakurt3, Rıdvan Kurt4,

Özgün Sipahioğlu 5, İbrahim Kartal6Э.А. Ягмюр*1, Ф.Ш. Хуссен2, С. Каракурт3, Р. Курт4, Э. Сипахиоглу5, И. Картал6

1 Manisa Celal Bayar University, Alaşehir Vocational School, Alaşehir, Manisa, 45600, Turkey.

2 College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq.

3 Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Konya, Turkiye.

4 Coxaven Scorpion Venom Production Company, Cizre Organized Industrial Zone, 6th Street, No: 24, Şırnak, Turkiye.

5 Göztepe Neighborhood, Ege Street, 3/15, Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkiye.

6 Nuripaşa Neighborhood, 58. Bulvar Street, 144/5, Zeytinburnu, İstanbulTurkiye.

Ersen Aydın Yağmur ersen.yagmur@gmail.com ORCID 0000-0002-0396-3975

Fenik Sherzad Hussen fenik.hussen@su.edu.krd ORCID 0000-0001-8748-0470

Serdar Karakurt kserdar1@yahoo.com ORCID 0000-0002-4449-6103

Rıdvan Kurt dvan-kurt@hotmail.com ORCID 0000-0003-3014-5705

Özgün Sipahioğlu ozgunsipahioglu@gmail.com ORCID 0000-0001-7160-8775

İbrahim Kartal ibrhmbbt1034@gmail.com ORCID 0009-0002-3200-4164

* Corresponding author

KEY WORDS: Scorpiones, Scorpionidae, Scorpio, new species, taxonomy, Turkey.

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: скорпионы, Scorpionidae, Scorpio, новые виды, таксономия, Турция.

ABSTRACT. Two new species, Scorpio karakurti sp.n. and S. sirnakensis sp.n. are described and illustrated from the Southеastеrn region of Turkey. S. karakurti sp.n. is detected from Batman and Diyarbakır provinces and can be distinguished from all species of the genus Scorpio by its higher pectinal teeth numbers, especially in males (10–11 in females and 11–15 in males). S. sirnakensis sp.n is detected from Şırnak province and can be distinguished by elongated chela and telson shape and genital operculum shape of females. The new species are compared with the known species of the genus Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758 in the Middle East.

How to cite this paper: Yağmur E.A., Hussen F.Sh., Karakurt S., Kurt R., Sipahioğlu Ö., Kartal İ. 2024. Two new species of the genus Scorpio L., 1758 from Southеastеrn Turkey (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) // Ar- thropoda Selecta. Vol.33. No.4. P.559–581. doi: 10.15298/ arthsel.33.4.11

РЕЗЮМЕ. Даны иллюстрированные описания скорпионов Scorpio karakurti sp.n. и S. sirnakensis sp.n. из юго-восточных регионов Турции. S. karakurti sp.n. найден в провинциях Батман и Диябакир и отличается от всех видов рода большим числом зубчиков на гребневидных органах, особенно у самцов (10–11 у самок и 11–15 у самцов). S. sirnakensis sp.nобнаружен в провинции Ширмак и отличается удлиненными

хелами и формой тельсона, а также формой гениталь- ного отверстия самки. Новые виды сравниваются с ранее известными с Ближнего Востока видами рода.

Introduction

Scorpio L., 1758 is an Old World genus distributed in North, West, and Central Africa, the Middle East, Turkey, and Iran [Fet, 2000; Prendini et al., 2003; Kovařík, 2009; Lourenço, Cloudsley-Thompson, 2012; Lourenço, Rossi, 2016]. It includes 24 species [Rein, 2023; Fet, 2000]. For nearly 200 years, Scorpio was considered a mono- typic genus with the single species Scorpio maurus L., 1758 which assumed to be a highly polymorphic species [Birula, 1910; Vachon, 1952; Fet, Lowe, 2000; Kovařík, 2009]. Many subspecies were described under S. maurus and some of them were elevated to species level recently [Lourenço, 2009; Talal et al., 2015].

While Scorpio fauna of Africa is well studied [Birula, 1910; Vachon, 1952; Kovařík, 2009; Lourenço, 2009; Lourenço, Cloudsley-Thompson, 2009, 2012; Lourenço et al., 2012; Lourenço, Rossi, 2016; Khammassi et al., 2023; Ythier, François, 2023; Ythier et al., 2024], a few studies were conducted on the Scorpio fauna of the Middle East, Iran and Turkey. Scorpio fuscus (Ehren- berg, 1829), S. granulomanus Al-Saraireh et al., 2023, S. kruglovi Birula, 1910, S. palmatus (Ehrenberg, 1828),

Figs 1–4. Scorpio karakurti sp.n. 1, 2 — male holotype; 3, 4 — female paratype; 1, 3 — dorsal view; 2, 4 — ventral view. Scale bar: 10 mm. Рис. 1–4. Scorpio karakurti sp.n. 1, 2 — голотип самец; 3, 4 — паратип самка; 1, 3 — дорсально; 2, 4 — вентрально. Масштаб: 10 мм.

S. propinquus (Simon, 1872), S. yemenensis Werner, 1936, S. maurus arabicus (Pocock, 1900) and S. m. towsendi (Pocock, 1900) are the taxa known now from the Middle East, Turkey, and Iran [Birula, 1910; Levy, Amitai, 1980; El-Hennawy, 1992; Fet, 2000; Kovařík, 2009; Talal et al., 2015; Al-Saraireh et al., 2023]. Very recently, Abu Afifeh et al. [2024] reviewed the Scorpio fauna of Jordan. They described the genus Jordanius and transferred S. granulomanus to this genus. Additionally, they described Jordanius maysaraensis, Scorpio jorda- nensis, and S. wahbehi. They also redescribed S. palmatus and S. fuscus, and designated neotypes for these species.

Lastly, Yağmur & Badry [2024a] described the neotype of S. palmatus, and Yağmur & Badry [2024b] recorded S. jordanensis from Syria.

In Turkey, the first Scorpio record was given by Birula [1898] from Gülek (now in Adana) and Mersina (=Mer- sin) as Heterometrus palmatus. Birula [1910] reviewed Scorpio maurus populations and reported Mersin and Adana populations as S. m. fuscus. Werner [1922] empha- sized the Amanos Mountain (now in Hatay) population as similar to S. m. kruglovi in terms of chela morphology and S. m. fuscus in terms of telson morphology, therefore reported as Scorpio maurus. Roewer [1943] re-examined

Figs 5–8. Scorpio karakurti sp.n. 5, 7 — male holotype; 6, 8 — female paratype; 5, 6 — carapace and mesosoma; 7, 8 — prosoma and mesosoma ventrally. Рис. 5–8. Scorpio karakurti sp.n. 5, 7 — голотип самец; 6, 8 — паратип самка; 5, 6 — карапакс и мезосома; 7, 8 — про- и мезосома, вентрально.

the Amanos Mountain population and reported it as S. m. kruglovi.

All following studies accepted the identification of Birula [1910] and reported the Turkish taxon as S. m. fuscus [Vachon, 1947a, b, 1951, 1966; Tolunay, 1959; Kinzelbach, 1984; Crucitti, Malori, 1998; Crucitti, 1999; Crucitti, Cicuzza, 2000, 2001; Crucitti, Vignoli, 2002; Yağmur et al., 2007]. Çolak & Karataş [2013] published an ecological study on Scorpio in Turkey, but they reported the species as S. maurus, as Turkish populations are traditionally called. Recently, Koç et al. [2017] published a molecular study of Scorpio in Turkey. They also called all populations that they examined as S. maurus, but they did not analyze any population from Batman and Şırnak. Talal et al. [2015] reviewed Scorpio populations of Israel. They reported S. kruglovi from Israel as well as Turkey and Jordan. Recently, Yağmur et al. [2021, 2024] identified specimens from Hatay Privince as S. kruglovi.

S. kruglovi was recorded from Turkey widely in Ad- ana, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Gaziantep, Hatay, Iğdır, Kilis, Mardin, Mersin, and Şanlıurfa Provinces [Birula, 1898, 1910; Werner, 1922; Roewer, 1943; Va-

chon, 1947a, b, 1951; Tolunay, 1959; Levy, Amitai, 1980; Kinzelbach, 1984; Crucitti, Malori, 1998; Crucitti, 1999; Crucitti, Cicuzza, 2000, 2001; Crucitti, Vignoli, 2002; Yağmur et al., 2007, 2021; Çolak, Karataş, 2013; Koç et al., 2017; Demirsoy, Yağmur, 2024]. However, no Scorpio record has been given so far from Batman and Şırnak Provinces. This study reports new records for the genus Scorpio from Batman and Şırnak Provinces with descriptions of two new species.

Material and methods

The specimens were collected at night field trips with a 390 nm UV lamp from Batman and Şırnak Provinces in Southeastern Turkey. The specimens were preserved in 96% alcohol. Photographs were taken by Canon EOS 7D. Stack- ing of pictures was made using Helicon Focus software. The focus stacking method is modified from the Canon-Cognisys system recommended by Brecko et al. [2014]. The trichoboth- rial nomenclature was followed according to Vachon [1974] and morphological nomenclature and mensuration were after Stahnke [1971], Francke [1977], Hjelle [1990], Sissom [1990], and Soleglad & Sissom [2001].

Figs 9–12. Scorpio karakurti sp.n. 9, 11 — male holotype; 10, 12 — female paratype; 9, 10 — carapace; 11, 12 — sternopectinal area ventrally. Рис. 9–12. Scorpio karakurti sp.n. 9, 11 — голотип самец; 10, 12 — паратип самка; 9, 10 — карапакс; 11, 12 — область гребневидных органов, вентрально.

Holotypes and paratypes were deposited at the Zoology Museum of Alaşehir Vocational School, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey (AZMM).

Taxonomy

Family Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802

Genus Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758TYPE SPECIES: Scorpio maurus Linnaeus, 1758

Scorpio karakurti Yağmur, sp.n. Figs 1–36, 73, 74, Table 1.

TYPES. Holotype ♂ (AZMM/Sco-2010:30), TURKEY, Batman Prov., Hasankeyf Dist., Suçeken Vill. (37o44′18”N, 41o17′48′′E), 517 m a.s.l., 21.VII.2010, leg. E.A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük.

Paratypes, TURKEY, Batman Prov., Hasankeyf Dist., Demirbilek Vill., 2 km North (37°48′04”N, 41°13’43′′E), 700 m a.s.l., 17.VIII.2007, 3 ♂♂, leg. E.A. Yağmur & A. Kürşat (AZMM/Sco-2007: 168–170); Batman, Hasankeyf Dist., Suçeken Vill., (37o44′18′′N, 41o17′48′′E), 517 m a.s.l., 21.VII.2010, 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, leg. E.A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük (AZMM/Sco-2010: 21–29) same locality but 14.VII.2011, 4 ♂♂, leg. E.A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük (AZMM/Sco-2011: 41–44), same locality but 37o44′24′′N, 41o16′43′′E, 547 m a.s.l., 01. VI.2024, 31 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, leg. E.A. Yağmur & R. Kurt (AZMM/Sco-2024: 1–37); Diyarbakır, Çınar, Aşağı Konak Village, Ayşebacı Hill (37°37′35′′N, 40°29′35′′E), 760 m a.s.l., 16.VIII.2007, 3 ♂♂, leg. E.A. Yağmur (AZMM/Sco-2007: 171–173); Diyarbakır, Eğil, Kalkan Village, 3 km North (38°10′39′′N,

Fig. 13. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., variation in shape of genital operculum in female paratypes. Рис. 13. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., изменчивость формы генитальной пластинки у самок (паратипы).

40°05′20′′E), 832 m a.s.l., 21.V.2010, 1 ♂, leg. E.A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük (AZMM/Sco-2010: 31); Diyarbakır, Hani, Gürbüz Village, 2 km North (38o22′46′′N, 40o21′51′′E), 1012 m a.s.l., 15.VIII.2007, 9 ♂♂, leg. E.A. Yağmur (AZMM/Sco-2007: 174–182); Diyarbakır, Hani, Kalaba Village (38°26′59′′N, 40°26′36′′E), 1200 m a.s.l., 28.VI.2007, 3 ♂♂, leg. H. Koç & A.V. Gromov (AZMM/Sco-2007: 183–185).

ETYMOLOGY. The species epithet is a patronym dedicated to Serdar Karakurt, a Turkish biochemist. He conducted the first molecular studies on Scorpio venom in Turkey and contributed to field trips with his research on scorpions.

DIAGNOSIS. Medium-sized species compared with its congeners. Trichobothriotaxy of type C; orthobothriotaxic [Vachon, 1974]. Adults about 50.47 mm in male and 49.67 mm in female in length. General coloration reddish yellow in males, reddish brown in females. Carapace is slightly wider than its long; almost trapezoid in shape. Carapace anterior margin dis- tinctly bilobed and a deep median indentation. Carapace lacks carinae, only posteriomedian carinae slightly visible. Carapace shagreened but has a “v” shaped area between median eyes and lateral eyes nearly smooth but the granules slightly larger in a triangular area between median eyes and anterior margin, in male; carapace smooth and lustrous with small granules later- ally in females. Tergites I–VII acarinate, matt and shagreened in male, smooth, and lustrous in females. Tergit VII covered with moderately dense coarse granules. Pectines short: teeth numbers 11–15 in males (usually 12–13, n=124, mean=12.50), and 10–12 in females (usually 11, n=16, mean=10.81). Genital

operculum ovoidal hexagonal in male, cordate, posterior margin elongated. Metasoma: Segment I with 10, segment II–IV with 8, and segment V with 7 carinae. Ventromedian carina moder- ate with coarse, and pointed granules, bifurcated in anterior portion; ventrolateral carinae strong and serrated with spaced large and conical granules, gradually increase posteriorly, continues in lateral aspect of anal arch on segment V. Telson: Vesicle somewhat elongated with four ventral carinae formed by spinoid granules, more distinct in male. Vesicle moderately elongate, slightly more elongated in male (Telson length/depth ratio 2.60 in male, 2.35 in female; Vesicle length/depth ratio 1.96 in male, 1.76 in female). Aculeus abruptly curved and shorter than vesicle (Vesicle/Aculeus ratio 2.57 in male, 2.58 in female). Pedipalp: Pedipalp femur with three carinae, patella with two carinae. The external surface of chela manus with very large and very flattened granules in males, granules more flattened in females. Digital carina indistinct, but bears large, flattened, and rounded granules in males, present anterior half and granules fused in females; external secondary carinae distinct, bears large, flattened, and fused granules in males; obsolete poste- rior half in females. Chela manus flattened and not elongated, slightly longer than depth. Chela fingers are relatively short without granules, slightly longer in females (Manus/Movable finger ratio 1.07 in male, 1.10 in female). Legs: Tarsi of legs I to IV with 4–5/7–8, 5–6/7–9, 5–7/8–9, 5–8/7–10 internal and external spines arranged in series. Basitarsus of legs I always

Figs 14–19. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., pedipalp and its articles of male holotype. 14, 15 — chela ventrally (14) and dorsally (15); 16, 17 — pedipalp dorsally (16) and ventrally (17); 18 — movable finger dentition; 19 — fixed finger dentition. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by circles. Рис. 14–19. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., педипальпа и ее членики у самца (голотип). 14, 15 — хела вентрально (14) и дорсально (15); 16, 17 — вся педипальпа дорсально (16) и вентрально (17); 18 — зубцы подвижного пальца; 19 — зубцы неподвижного пальца. Расположение трихоботрий указано кружочками.

with 3 distinct prolateral spines and II generally with 3 distinct

prolateral spines.DESCRIPTION. Based on male holotype and female para-

types. Measurements are in Table 1.Coloration (Figs 1–4). General coloration reddish yellow

in male, reddish brown in females. Carapace: Reddish yellow and around median eyes and between posterior median carinae reddish brown in male; reddish brown and around median

eyes reddish black; a triangular area between median eyes and anterior margin fuscous and reticular in both sexes. Posterior margin with a yellow band in overlap area of first mesosoma segment in both sexes. Mesosoma: Tergites I–VII matt; reddish yellow and reticular medially and anteriorly; posterior margins and laterals dark yellow in male; lustrous, reddish brown, pos- terior margin dark yellow, reticular medially in females. Coxae and sternum lustrous and reddish yellow. Genital operculum

Figs 20–25. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., pedipalp segments of female paratype; 20, 21 — chela ventrally (20) and dorsally (21); 22, 23 — pedipalp dorsally (22) and ventrally (23); 24 — movable fingers dentition; 25 — fixed fingers dentition. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by green circles. Рис. 20–25. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., педипальпа и ее членики у самки (паратип); 20, 21 — хела вентрально (20) и дорсально (21); 22, 23 — вся педипальпа дорсально (22) и вентрально (23); 24 — зубцы подвижного пальца; 25 — зубцы неподвижного пальца. Расположение трихоботрий указано кружочками.

Figs 26–31. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., metasoma and telson; 26, 28, 30 — male holotype; 27, 29, 31 — female paratype; 26, 27 — ventral view; 28, 29 — dorsal view; 30, 31 — lateral view. Scale bar: 10 mm. Рис. 26–31. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., метасома и тельсон; 26, 28, 30 — голотип самец; 27, 29, 31 — паратип самка; 26, 27 — вентрально; 28, 29 — дорсально; 30, 31 — латерально. Масштаб: 10 мм.

and pectines shiny dark yellow. Sternites III–VII yellowish red medially, and dark yellow laterally. Pedipalp: Femur and patella reddish yellow, carinae and granules red. Chela manus reddish yellow, granules darker, ventroexternal, ventrointernal, digital carina, subdigital carina, external secondary carina, and fingers reddish brown, dorsal of fixed finger, ventral of movable finger, condyles, and dental margins reddish black in male; colorations darker in females. Metasoma: metasomal segments I–IV uniformly reddish yellow, segment V fuscous and reticular. Telson dark yellow, aculeus reddish at the base, and black at the tip. Legs: Tarsi and basitarsus dark yellow; rest segments reddish yellow; spinules and condyles reddish brown. Chelicerae: Chelicera manus reddish yellow to reddish brown with black reticulations anteriorly. Fingers brown, tips of fingers, and teeth reddish.

Morphology. Prosoma (Figs 5–12). Carapace is slightly wider than its long; almost trapezoid in shape. Carapace anterior margin distinctly bilobed with a few medium setae and a deep median indentation. Carapace lacks carinae, only posteriomed- ian carinae slightly visible. Carapace shagreened but has a “v” shaped area between median eyes and lateral eyes nearly smooth but the granules slightly larger in a triangular area between me- dian eyes and anterior margin, in males; carapace smooth and lustrous with small granules laterally in females. Median ocular tubercle not distinct and located in the center of the carapace. A pair of median eyes and three pairs of lateral eyes exist; the third located separately and slightly smaller. Median eyes separate each other by one eye diameter. The anteromedian furrow is nar- row and deep. The posteromedian furrow is wide and deep and bifurcated as an inverted T-shaped at posterior edge and located

Figs 32–35. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., metasoma V and telson; 32, 33 — male holotype; 34, 35 — female paratype; 32, 34 — lateral view; 33, 35 — ventral view. Рис. 32–35. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., 5-й членик метасомы и тельсон; 32, 33 — голотип самец; 34, 35 — паратип самка; 32, 34 — латерально; 33, 35 — вентрально.

in arrow-shaped depressions between posteriomedian carinae

and posterior margin. Posterior lateral furrows wide and distinct. Coxa and trochanters smooth. Genital operculum ovoidal hexagonal, a small posterior indentation exists and posterior tips of scleritis slightly pointed in male; cordate, anterior mar- gin slightly convex, posterior margin elongated, and a small posterior indentation exist, scleritis not separated each other in females (Fig. 13). Pectines short: teeth numbers 13–15 in male and 10–12 in females; three marginal and three to four median lamellae exist. Stigmas linear, angled at 45°, and conspicuous. Chelicerae (Figs 9–10). Cheliceral dentition characteristic for the family of Scorpionidae [Vachon, 1963]; subdistal tooth and basal teeth conspicuous rather than on the movable finger.

Manus lustrous, no longitudinal ridges present anteriorly. Pedipalp (Figs 14–25). Pedipalp femur with three carinae; dorsointernal and ventrointernal carinae moderate with spaced rounded granules, the granules on the dorsointernal carina larger than the granules on the ventrointernal carina; dorsoex- ternal carinae strong with separate large and rounded granules. Intercarinal area shagreened but dorsal surface with several medium-sized granules. Intercarinal surface with a few distinct setae. Patella with two carinae; dorsomedian carina strong with so flattened and fused granules; ventrointernal carinae moderate with a few rounded conical granules. Intercarinal area of dorsal, ventral, and external surfaces smooth and lustrous, dorsal and external surface with scattered moderate rounded granules; internal surface shagreened. Intercarinal surface with a few distinct setae. The external surface of chela manus with very large and very flattened granules, more distinct and rounded in anterior area, posterior interior part with so flattened granules to smooth in male; granules more flattened, posterior interior part smooth in females. Posterior margin of external surface bears large and conical granules in male and bears only two granules at the base of digital and subdigital carinae in females. Internal surface of chela manus smooth; posterior half without granules and anterior half has moderately pointed granules, size of granules gradually increases anteriorly. Ventroexternal and ventrointernal carinae strong, smooth, rounded without granules. Digital carina indistinct, but bears large, flattened, and rounded granules in male, present anterior half and granules fused in females; subdigital carinae not distinct, exist posterior

half of manus; external secondary carinae distinct, bears large, flattened, and fused granules in male, obsolete posterior half in females. Digital and external secondary carinae slightly get closer to each other anteriorly in male and distinctly get closer to each other anteriorly in females. Chela manus flattened and not elongated, slightly longer than depth (Manus Length/Depth ratio 1.04 in male, 1.16 in female). Chela fingers are relatively short without granules in males; slightly longer in females (Ma- nus/Movable finger ratio 1.07 in male, 1.10 in female). Fixed and movable fingers with 5, fixed finger 4 strong accessory denticles. Intercarinal surface with a small number of distinct setae in manus. Trichobothriotaxy of type C; orthobothriotaxic [Vachon, 1974].

Legs (Fig 36). Tarsi of legs pairs I to IV with 4–8/5–8, 5–9/5–8, 7–9/7–9, 7–10/7–10 internal and external spines arranged in series. Basitarsus of legs I and II with 3 distinct prolateral spines.

Mesosoma (Figs 5–8). Tergites I–VII acarinate, matt, and shagreened; posttergites and posterior margins of segment I–IV with scattered flattened granules; tergite VII covered with mod- erately dense coarse and pointed granules in male; tergites I–VII smooth, lustrous; posttergits and posterior margins of segment I–IV with scattered flattened small granules, tergite VII covered with moderately dense coarse and rounded granules in females. Sternites III–VI smooth and margins with distinct setae, sternites III punctate, sternites III–VI wrinkled with a couple of distinct furrows in male; smooth and lustrous with a couple of furrows, margins with setae in females. Sternite VII bears four granular carinae, between lateral and submedian carinae granular, surface finely granular in male, and smooth in females.

Metasoma and telson (Figs 26–35). Segments I–II slightly wider than long, and segments III–V longer than wide. Length of segments increases, and width and depth decrease from seg- ment I to segment V. Segment I with 10, segment II–IV with 8, and segment V with 7 carinae. Lateral inframedian carinae on the segment I indistinct, consist of a few spaced rounded granules on the anterior aspect. Ventral submedian carinae and ventrolateral carinae strong with moderate, rounded, and fixed granules on segments I–II, strong and obsolete to bumpy in segments III–IV. Dorsolateral carinae strong with small, spaced spinoid granules on segments I–IV in male, granules less distinct

Fig 36. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., right legs I–IV of male holotype (top) and female paratype (bottom). Рис. 36. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., правые ноги I–IV самца (голотип, сверху) и самки (паратип, снизу).

in females. Lateral supramedian carinae moderate and obsolete

on segments I–IV. Intercarinal area on lateral surface finely granular with scattered minute granules in male, smooth with scattered distinct granules in females; on dorsal surface with small granules and finely granular medially in male, smooth with scattered minute granules in female on segments I–IV. Ventral surface with coarse granules on segment I and smooth segments II–IV. Segment V: Ventromedian carina moderate with coarse, and pointed granules, bifurcated in the anterior portion; ventrolateral carinae strong and serrated with spaced large and conical granules, gradually increase posteriorly, continues in the lateral aspect of the anal arch. Lateral inframedian carinae smooth on half of the segment on the posterior aspect; dorso- lateral carinae moderate and rounded with minute granules, granules less distinct in females. Lateral and ventral surfaces smooth, ventral surface with a few scattered coarse granules. Ventral surface covered with fine granules, medially without granules in male, smooth in females. Ventral of anal arch ser- rate with pointed denticles. Ventral and lateral surfaces covered with moderately variable-sized setae in segments I–V. Telson:

Vesicle somewhat elongated with four ventral carinae formed by spinoid granules, more distinct in male. Telson and vesicle are slightly more elongated in male (Telson length/depth ratio 2.60 in male, 2.35 in female; vesicle length/depth ratio 1.96 in male, 1.76 in female). Ventral surface of the vesicle with two furrows. Dorsal and lateral surfaces smooth with a few minute granules and numerous macrosetae. The aculeus abruptly curved and shorter than the vesicle (Vesicle/Aculeus ratio 2.57 in male, 2.58 in female).

AFFINITIES. S. karakurti sp.n. can be distinguished from S. palmatus, S. fuscus, S. jordanensis, S. kruglovi, S. propinquus, S. townsendi and S. wahbehi by the following characters: (a) S. karakurti sp.n. is reddish yellow or reddish brown whereas S. palmatus is yellow to dark yellow, S. fuscus is dark brown or greenish black and S. wahbehi is reddish yellow to olive brown or reddish brown to reddish black. (b) Pectines teeth number 11–15 in males, and 10–12 in females in S. karakurti sp.n. whereas 9–13 in males and 7–13 in females in S. palmatus (according to Levy & Amitai [1980]), 9–11 in males and 6–10 in females in S. fuscus ([according to Levy & Amitai [1980]),

Table 1. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., leg measurements (♂/♀). Таблица 1. Scorpio karakurti sp.n., промеры ног (♂/♀).

16–16 in males and 12–12 in females of S. townsendi (accord- ing to Birula [1910]), 10–13 in males and 9–13 in females of S. jordanensis (according to Abu Afifeh et al. [2024]) and 14–14 in females of S. propinquus (according to Simon [1872]); (c) The granules on digital carina and external secondary carinae are fused granules in S. karakurti sp.n. whereas separated in S. palmatus; (d) A triangular area between median eyes and lateral eyes granular in S. karakurti sp.n. whereas smooth in S. palmatus. (e) S. karakurti sp.n. is a medium-sized species (50.47 mm in male and 49.67 mm in female) whereas S. fuscus is 58 mm in male and 70 mm in female (according to Levy & Amitai [1980]). (f) External surface of chela manus with flat- tened separated granules in S. karakurti sp.n. whereas reticular granulation in S. fuscus. (g) S. karakurti sp.n. has stocky chela fingers whereas S. kruglovi has elongated chela fingers; (h) S. karakurti sp.n. has short and abruptly curved aculeus whereas S. kruglovi and S. wahbehi has elongated and not abruptly curved aculeus; (i) External surface of chela manus mostly granular in S. karakurti sp.n. mainly in females whereas mostly smooth in S. kruglovi; (j) Posterior margin of genital operculum of S. karakurti sp.n. in females elongated whereas rounded in S. kruglovi, S. wahbehi and S. jordanensis.

MEASUREMENTS. See Table 1.

ECOLOGY. Scorpio karakurti sp.n. prefers arid habitats. They were found between altitudes of 517–1200 m a.s.l. It has been observed that they stay in the burrows during the daytime and are active at night. During night field studies, they were ob- served to move actively on the surface or to wait at the entrance of the nest with their pedipalps sticking out. The specimens were collected during night field trips; most of them were males. They were detected in steppe landscapes, which may also include oak trees, and in habitats containing calcareous soil.

Scorpio sirnakensis Yağmur, sp.n. Figs 37–72, 74, 76, Table 2.

TYPES. Holotype ♂ (AZMM/Sco-2010: 30), TURKEY, Şırnak Prov., Şenoba Dist., Şenoba Town, 1 km NE (37o28′13′′N, 42o 42′50′′E), 926 m a.s.l., 20.VIII.2021, leg. E.A. Yağmur, İ. Kartal, Ö. Sipahioğlu.

Paratypes, TURKEY, Prov., Güçlükonak Dist., Akdizgin Vill. (37°26′28′′N, 42°00′27′′E), 494 m a.s.l., 20.VII.2022, 20 ♂♂, leg. R. Kurt, S. Karakurt (AZMM/Sco-2022: 99–118); Merkez Dist., Kasrik Town (37°23′18′′N, 42°09′56′′E), 481 m a.s.l., 24.VIII.2021, 39 ♂♂, 3 juvs, leg. E.A. Yağmur, İ. Kartal, Ö. Sipahioğlu, R. Kurt (AZMM/ Sco-2021: 103–144), same locality, 15.VII.2022, 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, leg. R. Kurt (AZMM/Sco-2022: 119–123); Central Dist., Aşağı Dere Vill. (37°23′16′′N, 42°09′31′′E), 511 m a.s.l., 27.VII.2022, 12 ♂♂, 1 ♀, leg. R. Kurt (AZMM/Sco-2022: 124–136); Merkez Dist., Atbaşı Vill., 37°26′37′′N, 42°14′28′′E, 545 m a.s.l., 31.08.2022, 1 ♂, leg. R. Kurt (AZMM/Sco-2022:137); Merkez Dist., Kızılsu Vill., 37°26’17”N, 42°13’44”E, 558 m a.s.l., 25.07.2022, 4 ♂, leg. R. Kurt, S. Karakurt (AZMM/Sco-2022: 138–141); Şenoba Dist., Şenoba Town, 1 km NE (37o28′13′′N, 42o42′50′′E), 926 m a.s.l., 20.08.2021, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, leg. E.A. Yağmur, İ. Kartal, Ö. Sipahioğlu (AZMM/Sco-2021: 145–148); Şenoba Dist., Şenoba Town, 1.5 km W (37o28′00′′N, 42o41′09′′E), 1061 m a.s.l., 20.VIII.2021, 1 ♂, leg. E.A. Yağmur, İ. Kartal, Ö. Si- pahioğlu (AZMM/Sco-2021: 150); Şenoba Dist., Şenoba Town, 2 km W (37o27′50′′N, 42o41′02′′E), 1014 m a.s.l., 21.08.2021, 1 ♂, leg. E.A. Yağmur, İ. Kartal, Ö. Sipahioğlu (AZMM/Sco-2021: 151).

ETYMOLOGY. The species epithet is derived from “Şırnak”, which is the name of the province where the new species was collected.

DIAGNOSIS. Medium-sized species compared with its congeners. Trichobothriotaxy of type C; orthobothriotaxic [Vachon, 1974]. Adults about 49.56 mm in male and 48.26 female in length. General coloration dark yellow in males, reddish brown in females. The carapace slightly wider than its

Figs 37–40. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n. 37, 38 — male holotype; 39, 40 — female paratype; 37, 39 — dorsal view; 39, 40 — ventral view. Scale bar: 10 mm. Рис. 37–40. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n. 37, 38 — голотип самец; 39, 40 — паратип самка; 37, 39 — дорсально; 39, 40 — вентрально. Масштаб: 10 мм.

long; almost trapezoid in shape. The carapace anterior margin distinctly bilobed with a few medium setae and a deep median indentation. The carapace lacks carinae, only posteriomedian carinae slightly visible. Carapace shagreened but has a nearly smooth triangular area between the median eyes and lateral eyes,

except for granulations along the anteriomedian furrow in males; the carapace smooth and lustrous with small granules laterally in females. Tergites I–VII acarinate, matt, and shagreened in males, smooth, and lustrous in females. Tergit VII covered with moderately dense coarse granules in male, granules pointed in

Figs 41–44. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n. 41, 43 — male holotype; 42, 44 — female paratype; 41, 42 — carapace and mesosoma; 43, 44 — Ster- nopectinal area and mesosoma ventrally. Рис. 41–44. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n. 41, 43 — голотип самец; 42, 44 — паратип самка; 41, 42 — карапакс и мезосома; 43, 44 — про- и мезосома, вентрально.

females. Pectines short, teeth numbers 8–13 in males (usually 10–12, n=165, mean=10.90), and 9–11 in females (usually 10, n=11, mean=10.09). Genital operculum ovoidal rhomboid in males; cordate, posterior margin elongated and pointed in females. Metasoma: Segment I with 10, segment II–IV with 8, and segment V with 7 carinae. Ventromedian carina moderate with coarse, and pointed granules, bifurcated in the anterior por- tion; ventrolateral carinae strong and serrated with spaced large and conical granules, gradually increase posteriorly, continues in the lateral aspect of the anal arch on segment V. Vesicle and aculeus somewhat elongated with four ventral carinae formed by spinoid granules, more distinct in males. Telson and vesicle are slightly more elongated in males (Telson length/depth ratio 2.58 in male, 2.59 in female; vesicle length/depth ratio 1.94 in male, 1.95 in female). The aculeus abruptly curved and shorter than the vesicle (Vesicle/Aculeus ratio 2.34 in male, 2.48 in female). Pedipalp: Pedipalp femur with three carinae, patella with two carinae. The external surface of the chela manus with very large and very flattened granules, more distinct and rounded in the anterior area, the posterior interior part with so flattened granules to smooth in males; granules more flattened, posterior interior part smooth in females. Digital carina is indistinct, but bears large, flattened, and rounded granules in males, present anterior half, and granules indistinct and fused in females; sub-

digital carinae indistinct and not visible, exist posterior half of manus and represented by 5 flattened granules; external second- ary carinae distinct, bears large, flattened and fused granules in males; obsolete and indistinct posterior half in females. Chela manus flattened and not elongated, slightly longer than depth; slightly elongated in females (Manus length/depth ratio 1.08 in males 1.21 in female). Chela fingers are relatively short without granules in males; and elongated in females (Manus/Movable finger ratio 1.15 in male, 1.04 in female). Legs: Tarsi of legs I to IV with 4–5/6–8, 4–6/7–9, 6–7/7–9, 6–7/7–9 internal and external spines arranged in series. Basitarsus of legs I and II generally with 3 distinct prolateral spines and very rarely with 2.

DESCRIPTION. Based on male holotype and female para- types. Measurements are in Table (1).

Coloration (Figs 37–40). General coloration dark yellow in male, reddish brown in females. Carapace: Dark yellow and around median eyes and lateral eyes black, anterior area of carapace and between posterior median carinae reddish yellow, posterior margin with a lighter band in male; reddish brown and around median eyes and lateral eyes reddish black; posterior margin with a dark yellow band in females. Mesosoma: Tergites I–VII matt; dark yellow, yellowish brown medially; posterior margins dark yellow in male; lustrous, reddish brown, posterior margin dark yellow in females. Coxae and sternum lustrous

Figs 45–48. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n. 45, 47 — male holotype; 46, 48 — female paratype; 45, 46 — carapace and mesosoma; 47, 48 — ster- nopectinal area ventrally. Рис. 45–48. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n. 45, 47 — голотип самец; 46, 48 — паратип самка; 45, 46 — карапакс; 47, 48 — область гребне- видных органов, вентрально.

and reddish yellow in male; and lustrous and yellowish red in females. Genital operculum and pectines shiny dark yellow in male; and darker in females. Sternites III–VII reddish yellow medially, dark yellow laterally, and posteriorly in male; red- dish brown, brownish yellow in females. Pedipalp: Femur and patella reddish yellow, carinae and granules red in male; dark reddish yellow, carinae and granules reddish black in females. Chela manus reddish yellow, granules darker, ventroexternal, ventrointernal, digital carina, subdigital carina, external second- ary carina, and fingers reddish brown, dorsal of a fixed finger,

ventral of a movable finger, condyles, and dental margins red- dish black in male; colorations darker in females. Metasoma: metasomal segments I–IV uniformly dark yellow, segment V fuscous and reticular in male; reddish brown, segment V fuscous and black reticulation in females. Vesicle dark yellow in male; reddish yellow in females; aculeus reddish at the base and black at the tip. Legs: Tarsi and basitarsus yellow; rest segments dark yellow in male; tarsi and basitarsus dark yellow; rest segments reddish yellow in females; spinules and condyles reddish brown or reddish black. Chelicerae: Chelicera manus reddish yellow

Fig 49. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n., variation in shape of genital operculum in female paratypes. Рис. 49. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n., изменчивость формы генитальной пластинки у самок (паратипы).

with brown reticulations in male; reddish brown with black reticulations in females. Fingers reddish brown, tips of fingers and teeth reddish.

Morphology. Prosoma (Figs 41–48). The carapace slightly wider than its long; almost trapezoid in shape. The carapace anterior margin distinctly bilobed with a few medium setae and a deep median indentation. The carapace lacks carinae, only posteriomedian carinae slightly visible. The carapace is shagreened but has a triangular area between the median eyes and lateral eyes nearly smooth, except for granulations along the anteriomedian furrow in male; the carapace is smooth and lustrous with small granules laterally in females. The median ocular tubercle not distinct and located in the center of the carapace. A pair of median eyes and three pairs of lateral eyes exist; the third located separately and slightly smaller. Median eyes separate each other by one eye diameter. The anteromedian furrow is narrow and deep. The posteromedian furrow wide and deep and bifurcated as an inverted T-shaped at the posterior edge and located in arrow-shaped depressions between the posteriomedian carinae and posterior margin. Posterior lateral furrows wide and distinct.

Coxa and trochanters smooth. Genital operculum ovoidal

rhomboid, a small posterior indentation exists and posterior

tips of scleritis slightly pointed in male; cordate, anterior margin convex, posterior margin elongated and pointed, and a small posterior indentation exist, scleritis not separated from each other in females (Fig. 49). Pectines short, teeth numbers 11–12 in male and 9–11 in females; three marginal and five median lamellae exist. Stigmas linear, angled at 45°, and conspicuous.

Chelicerae (Figs 45–46). Cheliceral dentition characteristic for the family of Scorpionidae [Vachon, 1963]; subdistal tooth and basal teeth conspicuous rather than on the movable finger. Manus lustrous, no longitudinal ridges present anteriorly.

Pedipalp (Figs 50–61). Pedipalp femur with three carinae; dorsointernal and ventrointernal carinae moderate with spaced rounded granules, the granules on the dorsointernal carina large and rounded; dorsoexternal carinae strong and rounded with separate large and rounded granules. The intercarinal area finely granular but dorsal surface with several medium-sized granules. Intercarinal surface with several distinct setae. Patella with two carinae; dorsomedian carina strong with so flattened and fused granules; ventrointernal carinae moderate with a few rounded granules. Intercarinal area of dorsal, ventral, and external surfaces smooth and lustrous, dorsal, and external sur- face with scattered moderate rounded granules; internal surface shagreened. Intercarinal surface with several distinct setae. The external surface of the chela manus with very large and very flattened granules, more distinct and rounded in the anterior area, the posterior interior part with so flattened granules to smooth in male; granules more flattened, posterior interior part smooth in females. The posterior margin of the external surface bears large and conical granules in males and bears only one granule at the base of subdigital carinae in females. The internal surface of the chela manus smooth; the posterior half without granules and anterior half with a few pointed granules, ventral area with several flattened granules. Ventroexternal and ventrointernal carinae strong, smooth, and rounded without granules. Digital carina indistinct, but bears large, flattened, and rounded granules in male, present anterior half and granules indistinct and fused

Figs 50–55. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n., pedipalp and its articles of male holotype. 50, 51 — chela ventral (50) and dorsal (51) views; 52, 53 — pedipalp dorsal (52) and ventral (53) views; 54 — movable finger dentition; 55 — fixed finger dentition. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by green circles. Рис. 50–55. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n., педипальпа и ее членики у самца (голотип). 50, 51 — хела вентрально (50) и дорсально (51); 52, 53 — вся педипальпа дорсально (52) и вентрально (53); 54 — зубцы подвижного пальца; 55 — зубцы неподвижного пальца. Распо- ложение трихоботрий указано кружочками.

Figs 56–61. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n., pedipalp segments of female paratype; 56, 57 — chela ventral (56) and dorsal (57) views; 58, 59 — pedipalp dorsal (58) and ventral (59) views; 60 — movable finger dentition; 61 — fixed finger dentition. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by green circles. Рис. 56–61. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n., педипальпа и ее членики у самки (паратип); 56, 57 — хела вентрально (56) и дорсально (57); 58, 59 — педипальпа дорсально (58) и вентрально (59); 60 — зубцы подвижного пальца; 61 — зубцы неподвижного пальца. Расположение трихоботрий указано кружочками.

Figs 62–67. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n., metasoma and telson; 62, 64, 66 — male holotype; 63, 65, 67 — female paratype; 62, 63 — ventral view; 64, 65 — dorsal view; 66, 67 — lateral view. Scale bar: 10 mm. Рис. 62–67. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n., метасома и тельсон; 62, 64, 66 — голотип самец; 63, 65, 67 — паратип самка; 62, 63 — вентрально; 64, 65 — дорсально; 66, 67 — латерально. Масштаб: 10 мм.

in females; subdigital carinae indistinct and not visible, exist posterior half of manus and represented by 5 flattened granules; external secondary carinae distinct, bears large, flattened and fused granules in male; obsolete and indistinct posterior half in females. Digital and external secondary carinae slightly get closer to each other anteriorly in male; and distinctly get closer to each other anteriorly in females. Chela manus flattened and not elongated, slightly longer than depth; slightly elongated in females (Manus length/depth ratio 1.08 in male, 1.21 in fe- male). Chela fingers relatively short without granules in male;

and elongated in females (Manus/Movable finger ratio 1.15 in male, 1.04 in female). Fixed and movable fingers with 5, fixed finger 4 strong accessory denticles. Intercarinal surface with a small number of distinct setae in manus. Trichobothriotaxy of type C; orthobothriotaxic [Vachon, 1974].

Legs (Fig. 72). Tarsi of legs pairs I to IV with 4–6/4–7, 5–7/5– 8, 6–9/5–9, 6–8/6–9 internal and external spines arranged in series. Basitarsus of legs I and II with 3 distinct prolateral spines.

Mesosoma (Fig 41–44). Tergites I–VII acarinate, matt, and shagreened; posttergites of segment I–IV with scattered flattened

Figs 68–71. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n., metasoma V and telson; 68, 69 — male holotype; 70, 71 — female paratype; 68, 69 — lateral view; 70, 71 — ventral view. Рис. 68–71. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n., 5-й членик метасомы и тельсон; 68, 69 — голотип самец; 70, 71 — паратип самка; 68, 69 — ла- терально; 70, 71 — вентрально.

granules; tergite VII covered with moderately dense coarse and pointed granules in male; smooth, lustrous; posttergites and posterior margins of segment I–IV with scattered flattened small granules, tergite VII covered with moderately dense coarse and pointed granules in females. Sternites III–VI smooth and margins with distinct setae; sternites III punctate with scattered setae; sternites III–VI wrinkled with a couple of distinct furrows in male; smooth and lustrous with a couple of furrows, covered with scattered setae, margins with distinct setae in females. Sternite VII bears four granular carinae, between submedian carinae granular, surface smooth in both sexes.

Metasoma and telson (Figs 62–71). Segments I–II slightly wider than long, and segments III–V longer than wide. The length of segments increases, and width and depth decrease from segment I to segment V. Segment I with 10, segment II–IV with 8, and segment V with 7 carinae. Lateral infra- median carinae and on segment I complete and indistinct. Ventral submedian carinae and ventrolateral carinae strong and crenulate in segments I–II, strong and obsolete to bumpy in segments III–IV. Dorsolateral carinae strong with small, spaced spinoid granules on segments I–IV in male, granules less distinct in females. Lateral supramedian carinae moder- ate on segments I–IV; obsolete on I, with moderate spinoid granules on II–IV. Intercarinal area on lateral surface finely granular with scattered minute granules in male, smooth with scattered distinct granules in females; on dorsal surface with small granules and finely granular medially in male, smooth with scattered minute granules on dorsal surfaces in females on segments I–IV. Ventral surface with a few coarse granules on the segment I and smooth segments II–IV. Segment V: Ven- tromedian carina moderate with coarse, and pointed granules, bifurcated in the anterior portion; ventrolateral carinae strong and serrated with spaced large and conical granules, gradually increase posteriorly, continues in the lateral aspect of the anal arch. Lateral inframedian carinae smooth on half of the seg- ment on the posterior aspect; dorsolateral carinae moderate and rounded with minute granules, granules less distinct in females. The lateral surface finely granular in male, and smooth in females; ventral surfaces are smooth, with a few scattered coarse granules. Ventral surface covered with fine granules, less dense in females; medially without granules. Ventral of anal arch serrate with pointed denticles. Ventral and lateral surfaces

covered with moderately variable-sized setae in segments I–V. Telson: Vesicle and aculeus somewhat elongated with four ventral carinae formed by spinoid granules, more distinct in male. Telson and vesicle are slightly more elongated in male (Telson length/depth ratio 2.58 in male, 2.59 in female; vesicle length/depth ratio 1.94 in male, 1.95 in female). Ventral surface of the vesicle with two furrows. Dorsal and lateral surfaces smooth with a few minute granules and numerous macrosetae. The aculeus abruptly curved and was shorter than the vesicle (Vesicle/Aculeus ratio 2.34 in male, 2.48 in females.

AFFINITIES. S. sirnakensis sp.n. can be distinguished from S. palmatus, S. fuscus, S. jordanensis, S. karakurti sp.n., S. kruglovi, S. propinquus, S. townsendi, and S. wahbehi by the following characters: (a) S. sirnakensis sp.n. is dark yellow or reddish brown in whereas S. palmatus is yellow to dark yellow, S. fuscus is dark brown or greenish black, S. jordanensis light reddish yellow and S. wahbehi is reddish yellow to olive brown or reddish brown to reddish black. (b) Pectines teeth numbers S. sirnakensis sp.n. 8–13 in males and 9–11 in females whereas 11–15 in males, and 10–12 in females in S. karakurti sp.n.; 9–13 in males and 7–13 in females in S. palmatus (according to Levy & Amitai [1980]), 9–11 in males and in 6–10 females in S. fuscus (according to Levy & Amitai [1980]), 16–16 in males and 12–12 in females of S. townsendi (according to Birula [1910]) and 14–14 in females of S. propinquus. (c) The granules on digital carina and external secondary carinae are fused granules in S. sirnakensis sp.n. whereas separated in S. palmatus and in S. jordanensis. (d) External surface of chela manus with flattened separated granules in S. sirnakensis sp.n. whereas reticular granulation in S. fuscus. (e) S. sirnakensis sp.n. has short and abruptly curved aculeus whereas S. kruglovi and S. wahbehi have elongated and not abruptly curved aculeus. (f) Posterior margin of genital operculum of S. sirnakensis sp.n. in females elongated whereas rounded in S. kruglovi. (g) S. sirnakensis sp.n. has longer chela finger and more elongate manus (Manus length/depth ratio 1.08 in male, 1.21 in female; Manus/Movable finger ratio 1.15 in male, 1.04 in female) than S. karakurti sp.n. (Manus lngth/depth ratio 1.04 in male, 1.16 in female; Manus/ Movable finger ratio 1.07 in male, 1.10 in female). (h) S. sir- nakensis sp.n. has more elongated aculeus (Vesicle/Aculeus ratio 2.34 in male, 2.48 in female) than S. karakurti sp.n. (Vesicle/ Aculeus ratio 2.57 in male, 2.58 in female).

Fig 72. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n., right legs I–IV of male holotype (top) and female paratype (bottom). Рис. 72. Scorpio sirnakensis sp.n., правые ноги I–IV самца (голотип, сверху) и самки (паратип, снизу).

MEASUREMENTS. See Table 2.

ECOLOGY. Scorpio sirnakensis sp. n. specimens are found in similar habitats and similar behaviors with S. karakurti sp.n., but they were found between altitudes of 481–1061 m a.s.l.

Compliance with ethical standards

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval: No ethical issues were raised during our research.

Acknowledgments. We wish to thank Ahmet Kürşat (Mar- din, Turkey), Alexander V. Gromov (Bingen am Rhein, Ger- many), Halil Koç (Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey), Mehmet Özkörük (Gaziantep, Turkey), for their help in field trips or provided specimens.

References

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Figs 73–76. Alive pictures of Scorpio karakurti sp.n. and S. sirnakensis sp.n.; 73, 74 — Scorpio karakurti sp.n.; 75, 76 — S. sirnakensis sp.n.; 73, 75 — male; 74, 76 — female. Рис. 73–76. Прижизенные изображения Scorpio karakurti sp.n. и S. sirnakensis sp.n.; 73, 74 — Scorpio karakurti sp.n.; 75, 76 — S. sirnakensis sp.n.; 73, 75 — самец; 74, 76 — самка.

Fig 77. Distribution of Scorpio karakurti sp.n. and S. sirnakensis sp.n. Circle — type locality of S. karakurti sp.n.; stars — other localities of S. karakurti sp.n.; square — type locality of S. sirnakensis sp.n.; triangles — other localities of S. sirnakensis sp.n. Рис. 77. Карта распространения Scorpio karakurti sp.n. и S. sirnakensis sp.n. Кружок — типовое местонахождение S. karakurti sp.n.; звездочки — прочие местонахождения S. karakurti sp.n.; квадрат — типовое местонахождение S. sirnakensis sp.n.; треугольники — прочие местонахождения S. sirnakensis sp.n.

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Responsible editor K.G. Mikhailov